Toyota's desired Green Hydrogen has another problem. Even leaks of Green Hydrogen are real bad for climate.

firsttruck

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It is hard to keep hydrogen from leaking from production locations, long distance hydrogen pipelines, trucks that deliver hydrogen, hydrogen storage tanks, valves, gauges, fittings, piping, etc. Hydrogen leaks much more easily than natural gas, propane, or methane because H2 molecules are so small.

Hydrogen stored in a high-pressure vessel tanks or high-pressure pipes leak more.
Hydrogen stored as a super-cold liquid, it will need to vent/discharge gas en mass if it begins heating up, even slightly.

Even hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicles (cars, trucks, semis, tractors, etc), hydrogen fuel cell powered stationary power generators, hydrogen ICE, all can vent/release hydrogen (unconverted to water) from their storage tanks.

Even if it is Green Hydrogen made from renewables (wind, solar, tides, hydro, geo-thermal).

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Switching to hydrogen fuel could prolong the methane problem
By Colton Poore, Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment
March 13, 2023
https://engineering.princeton.edu/n...g-hydrogen-fuel-could-prolong-methane-problem

A rise in hydrogen emissions (more hydrogen in atmosphere. source: hydrogen leaks or venting) means that more hydroxyl (OH) would be used to break down hydrogen, leaving less OH available to break down methane (CH4).

Hydrogen’s potential as a clean fuel could be limited by a chemical reaction in the lower atmosphere, according to research from Princeton University and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association.

This is because hydrogen gas easily reacts in the atmosphere with the same molecule primarily responsible for breaking down methane, a potent greenhouse gas. If hydrogen emissions exceed a certain threshold, that shared reaction will likely lead to methane accumulating in the atmosphere — with decades-long climate consequences.

... researchers modeled the effect of hydrogen emissions on atmospheric methane. They found that above a certain threshold, even when replacing fossil fuel usage, a leaky hydrogen economy could cause near-term environmental harm by increasing the amount of methane in the atmosphere. The risk for harm is compounded for hydrogen production methods using methane as an input, highlighting the critical need to manage and minimize emissions from hydrogen production.

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Risk of the hydrogen economy for atmospheric methane
Published: 13 December 2022
By Matteo B. Bertagni, Stephen W. Pacala, Fabien Paulot & Amilcare Porporato
Nature Communications volume 13, Article number: 7706 (2022)
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-35419-7

Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is expected to play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, hydrogen losses to the atmosphere impact atmospheric chemistry, including positive feedback on methane (CH4), the second most important greenhouse gas. Here we investigate through a minimalist model the response of atmospheric methane to fossil fuel displacement by hydrogen. We find that CH4 concentration may increase or decrease depending on the amount of hydrogen lost to the atmosphere and the methane emissions associated with hydrogen production. Green H2 can mitigate atmospheric methane if hydrogen losses throughout the value chain are below 9 ± 3%. Blue H2 can reduce methane emissions only if methane losses are below 1%. We address and discuss the main uncertainties in our results and the implications for the decarbonization of the energy sector.

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